ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

GENERAL INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

The changes that are experienced in technology are influencing various fields as well as educational environments. From this point of view, it is seen that the tools used in educational environments as well as those used by students are diversified depending on the change in technology. Based on the characteristics of learners in the twenty-first century, it is observed that current technology takes part in students’ daily lives. As one of these technologies which use the possibilities of Web social networks have been widely used by young generations in various forms in recent years. In general, these environments can be said to be a matter of preference as it offers opportunities such as sharing content, having fun, communicating, sharing opinion creating community, and learning. It is important to understand students' social networking usage purposes and the reasons that may affect them. It is thought that this study will contribute to the educators in terms of learning environments by determining the usage purposes of social networking. In this research, it is aimed to understand the variables that determine the purpose of using social network in undergraduate students’ using social network. The cross-sectional survey design which is among the quantitative research methods has been employed. According to this pattern, data were collected according to the appropriate sampling method. In this process, 549 undergraduate students from various faculties of a public university were identified as study groups. In this study, it is aimed to examine the variables that determine negative, positive and neutral opinion of undergraduate students who use the web base social media networks.  (Can et al 2019).

Michelle (2014), However, with the advent of social media and networking applications, the youth are actively using these applications and are connected with one another via these applications. A survey by Singapore Polytechnic’s School of Communication, Arts and Social Sciences (2009) found that 71% of 201 respondents between 15 and 19 years old and 74% of 175 respondents between 20 and 24 years old visited Facebook daily. The majority of the 800 respondents (15–34 years old) shared their personal information such as real name, age, gender and date of birth on their Facebook page (Singapore Polytechnic, 2009). But, are students able to learn from the sharing and discussion of information via Facebook with one another? What could possibly be the problems and difficulties with using of YouTube videos and Facebook application for learning purposes? There seems to be a gap in the literature about the use of YouTube and Facebook for learning among the youth (Singapore Polytechnic, 2009; Selwyn, 2009). Hence, this paper aims to seek an in-depth understanding, in exploration through a qualitative method of interviews, of the tertiary students’ learning experiences and opinions with the social media of YouTube videos and the social networking applications of Facebook for learning.  Secondly, the paper also aims to seek an in-depth understanding of lecturers’ experiences and opinions of using YouTube videos and Facebook for teaching. Thus, the exploratory study and investigation of a case study of students and lecturers’ experiences, opinions and preferences with teaching and learning via this social media web base application and the connectivity and communication  for teaching and learning for this paper. In the meanwhile, the paper also seeks to find out the possible problems and difficulties that the students and lecturers would have experienced with the leveraging of these social media and social networking applications for teaching learning and also the student opinion about the teaching method of the lecturers. 

 The research Social Media web base application is to make easy for school administration to access student opinion and also to determine if it is a negative or positive comment/opinion. The methods that will be used in this research work will be observation method and MySQL, PHP scripting language, Apache, are used as the tools for developing the software.

1. 2.  Statement of the Problems

The challenge for improving of getting student opinion in an institution have become a difficult task to handle, due to many student find it stressful to go the comment box provided by the school authority to drop their opinion . While computerize is an upgraded than manual since it easy to login to the school social media web base application and drop your comment/opinion.

1. Finding it difficult to visit the comment box
2. Finding difficult to write of a paper
3. Lack of ability to see other student opinion/comment
4. Lack of ability to interact with other student from different faculty
   3.  Aim and Objectives

This study designs and implementation of a social media web base application the get student opinion/comment to the school authority with particular reference to USMAN DANFODIO UNIVERSITY SOKOTO (UDUS). The social media web base application is to achieve the following specific objectives.

1. Ability for student in different faculty to deliberate and interact with each other
2. Ability for school administrative to get student opinion/comment with ease
3. The school administrative can determine student negative comment
4. Also determine positive comment/opinion
5. To also help in administrative decision making

1.4 Scope and Limitation of the Study

This project work is strictly focusing attention on finding negative, positive and neutral opinion/comment of student and it is easy way of collecting information and feedback about the school administrative operation from student. Thus the scope of the project covers the personnel information in USMAN DANFODIO UNIVERSITY SOKOTO (UDUS).

Usually, every work has some limitations and this study is not exempted. This project will be aimed at looking at student details of the school that is to view his/her profiles and also the implementation of software in order to improve the administration of USMAN DANFODIO UNIVERSITY SOKOTO (UDUS

1.5 Motivation of the Study

Project provides a flexible framework for engaging student in exploring curricular topics and developing important 21^st century skills, such as communication, opinion, and interacting skills. In addition, students are motivated by the fun and creative format and opportunity to make new friends among the student of the institution.

The significance of the study to USMAN DANFODIO UNIVERSITY SOKOTO (UDUS) is as follows:

1. To have efficient platform for students to interact.
2. To help the school administration collect opinion of student.
3. To help the school administrative determine negative, positive and neutral opinion from student.
   6. Research Methodology

Research methodology refers to the method used, procedure, ways and manners followed in collecting of student opinion for purpose of decision making, that is from who and how. Methods of data collection is a process or procedure through which the research follow in order to gather the necessary data created for the accomplishment of the entire research objective. The method that are been used in this project are transcription of records and direct interview with the students and staff.

This is the materials and methods used in the design of the proposed topic.

1. Observation
2. Interviewing(oral)
3. Available information

There are many tools used in designing a new system software, the tools I use in developing a social media web base application are;

1. PHP Scripting language
2. MySQL
3. Configuration(collection of hardware)
4. Apache

1.7 Chapter Scheme

In this chapter some of the basic terms of the research work (project) where illustrated such as background of the study, problem statement, scope, limitations and other basic facts.

1.8 Definition of Terms

The following are the terms used in the work:

Analysis: is the process of breaking a complex topic or substance into smaller parts in order to gain a better understanding of it.

Data analysis: This is a process of inspecting, cleansing, transforming and modeling data with the goal of discovering useful information, informing conclusion and supporting decision-making.

Data Mining Algorithm: is a set of heuristics and calculations that creates a model from data. To create a model, the algorithm first analyzes the data you provide, looking for specific types of patterns or trends.

Data Mining: Data mining is the process of discovering patterns in large data sets involving methods at the intersection of machine learning, statistics, and database systems

Dataset: A data set is a collection of data. In the case of tabular data, a data set corresponds to one or more database tables, where every column of a table represents a particular variable, and each row corresponds to a given record of the data set in question.

Decision-Making: the action or process of making important decisions.

Evaluation: this is a systematic determination of a subject's merit, worth and significance, using criteria governed by a set of standards.

Feedback: information about reactions to a product, a person's performance of a task, etc. which is used as a basis for improvement.

Internet: Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to serve billions of users worldwide. It is also known as the network of networks.

Noisy Data: Noisy data is data that is corrupted, or distorted, or has a low Signal-to-Noise Ratio. Improper procedures to subtract out the noise in data can lead to a false sense of accuracy or false conclusions.

Opinion Mining: this is a type of natural language processing for tracking the mood of the public about a particular entity or product. Opinion mining, which is also called sentiment analysis, involves building a system to collect and categorize opinions about a product or services.

Opinion: An opinion can be defined as a view or judgment formed about something, not necessarily based on fact or knowledge.

Personal Subjective Opinion: This refers to personal perspectives, feelings, or opinions entering a decision-making process.

Raw Dataset: is a dataset that has not been processed for use.

Review: A review is an evaluation of a publication, service, or company such as a movie, video game, musical composition, book; a piece of hardware like a car, home appliance, or computer; or an event or performance, such as a live music concert, play, musical theater show, dance show, or art exhibition.

Sentiment Analysis: Sentiment analysis refers to the use of natural language processing, text analysis, computational linguistics, and biometrics to systematically identify, extract, quantify, and study affective states and subjective information. 

Sentiment Polarity Analysis: This is the classification of a textual sentiment polarity into positive, negative or Neutral.

Sentiment Polarity: Refers to identifying sentiment orientation (positive, neutral, and negative) in written or spoken language. Other types of sentiment analysis include fine-grained sentiment analysis which provides more precision in the level of polarity (e.g. very positive, positive, neutral, negative, and very negative) and emotion analysis which aims to identify emotions in expressions (e.g. happiness, sadness, frustration, surprise, etc).

Sentiment Tendency Analysis: This is the analysis of the polarity probability of a text sentiment to be negative, positive or Neutral.

Social media: is a computer-based technology that facilitates the sharing of ideas, thought, and information through the building of virtual network communities. By design, social media is internet based and gives users quick electronic communication content.

Software: These are set of instructions that are designed to solve a specific problem. Software is made up of data and instructions. There are two categories of software; System software and Application software.

System: A system is a set of detailed methods, procedures and routines created to carry out a specific activity, perform a duty, or solve a problem

Text Sentiment Analysis: is a text analysis method that detects polarity (e.g. a positive or negative opinion) within text, whether a whole document, paragraph, sentence, or clause.

Unified Modeling Language: The Unified Modeling Language is a general-purpose, developmental, modeling language in the field of software engineering that is intended to provide a standard way to visualize the design of a system.

Web base: is any program that is accessed over a network connection using HTTP, rather than existing within a device’s memory.

Web: The Web is basically a system of Internet servers that support specially formatted documents.